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概要：ertify that "no American can do this job. " Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes fight, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go fight: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer ( and hence, it unfairly p

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　　Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph.D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.

　　The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employer' s sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job. " Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes fight, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go fight: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer ( and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms

　　that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).

　　The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.

　　We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.

　　56. Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of

　　[ A ] brain gain in the United States.

　　[ B ] the cause of problems of the black people.

　　[ C ] the U. S educational programs for blacks.

　　[ D ] the procedure of foreign students' immigration.

　　57. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

　　[ A ] Foreign students are a new source of financial capital.

　　[ B ] Ph. D. graduates should automatically be given green cards.

　　[ C ] Foreign Ph.D. graduates may function as a kind of capital.

　　[D ] Foreign investors ought to immigrate to high unemployment areas.

　　58. A foreign graduate student who applies for immigrant status must have

　　[ A ] a U. S. employer' s sponsorship.

　　[ B ] financial capital to create ten jobs.

　　[ C ] a job in an American company.

　　[ D ] the help of an immigration lawyer.

　　59. Smaller enterprises have difficulty using foreign talent because of

　　[ A ] the costly recruiting process.

　　[ B ] the expensive legal counsel.

　　[ C ] the competition from big companies.

　　[ D ] the inability to provide sponsorship.

　　60. The author’s proposal differs from the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 in

　　[A ] the kind of green card.

　　[ B ] the amount of investment capital.

　　[ C ] the budget for the whole process.

　　[ D ] the certainty of issuing green cards.

　　Part B

　　Directions.

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　The cost of staging the year 2000 Olympics in Sydney is estimated to be a staggering $ 960 million, but 61 )the city is preparing to reap the financial benefits that come from holding such an international event by equaling the commercial success of Los Angeles, the only city yet to have made a demonstrable profit from the Games in 1984. At precisely 4:20 a.m. on Friday the 24th of September 1993, it was announced that Sydney had beaten five other competing cities around the world, and Australians everYwhere, not only Sydneysiders, were justifiably proud of the result. 62) But, if Sydney had lost the bid, would the taxpayers of New South Wales and of Australia have approved of governments spending millions of dollars in a failed and costly exercise?

　　There may have been some consolation in the fact that the bid came in $ l million below the revised budget and $ 5 million below the original budget of $ 29 million formulated in mid-1991. However, the final cost was the considerable sum of $ 24 million, the bulk of which was paid for by corporate and community contributions, merchandising, licensing, and the proceeds of lotteries, with the NSW Government, which had originally been willing to spend up to $ 10 million, contributing some $ 2 million. 63)The Federal Government' s grant of $ 5 million meant, in effect, that the Sydney bid was financed by every Australian taxpayer.

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